42. passive被动(is done/ was done)
主动（active）:
It's a big company. It employs two hundred people.
被动：
Two hundred people are employed by the company.
当我们使用被动形态时，这个东西是由谁或者什么东西造成的变成了未知或者不重要。如果要表达的话，用by。
被动使用 be + 过去分词.
43 被动2(be done/been done/being done)
不定式(infinitive)
主动： (to) do/clean/see
被动：(to) be + done/cleaned/see
完成不定式(Perfect infinitive)
主动： (to) have + done/cleaned/seen
被动： (to) have been + done/cleaned/seen
现在完成时(Present perfect)
主动： have/has + done
被动： have/has been +done
Have you heard? The trip has been cancelled.
过去完成时(past perfect)
主动： had+done
被动： had been + done
现在进行时(present continuous)
主动： am/is/are + (do)ing
被动： am/is/are + being (done)
过去进行时(past ccontinuous)
主动： was/were + (do)ing
被动： was/were + being (done)
44.被动3
offer,give,ask,pay,show,teach,tell等单词拥有2个对象（或者说是2个名词），它们的主动形态句子有2中方式：
The police were given the information.
The information was given to the police.
他们的被动形式一般由人来开头：
I've been offered the job, but I don't think I'll accept it.
doing的被动 being done:
I don't like people telling me what to do.
I don't like being told what do do.
在被动语态中，get可以用来替代be.
There was a flight at the party, but nobody got hurt. (= nobody was hurt)
但是get只用在事情发生的时候，比如下列情况不能用get：
Jessica is liked by everybody. (not get liked - this is not a 'happending')
Peter was a mystery man. Very little was known about him.
get用在非正式的口语中，be可用在所有的情况下。
get还可以这么用（没有被动的意思）：
get married, get divorced
get dressed (= put on your clothes)
get lost (= not know where you are)
get changed (= change your clothes)
45. It is said that... He is said to ... He is supposed to ...
It is said that he is 108 years old.
He is said to be 108 years old.
同样的还有以下单词:
alleged,believed,considered,expected,known,reported,thought,understood.
The police are looking for a missing boy. It is believed that the boy is wearing a white sweater and blue jeans.
The boy is believed to be wearing a white sweater and blue jeans.
The strike started three weeks ago.It is expected that the strike will end soon.
The strike is expected to end soon.
这种形式经常用在报道中：
It is reported that two people were injured in the explosion.
Two people are reported to have been injured in the explosion.
有时候supposed to = said to
I want to see that film. It's supposed to be good. (= it is said to be good)
但是有时候supposed to有不同的意思。我们用它表示intented,arranged,expected。它经常和实际的情况不同。
The plan is supposed to be a secret, but everybody seems to know about it. (= the plan is intended to be a secret)
What are you doing at work? you're supposed to be on holiday. (= you arranged to be on holiday)
You're not supposed to do something 有不被允许和建议的意思：
You're not supposed to park your car here. It's private parking only.
Jeff is much better after his illness, but he's still not supposed to do any heavy work.
46 Have something done
Lisa had the roof repaired yesterday.
Lisa叫人把房顶修好了，而不是Lisa自己修的。
have something done表示我们安排某人为我们做事情
Lisa repaired the roof. (= she repaired it herself)
Lisa had the roof repaired. (= she arranged for somebody else to repair it)
一定要注意单词的顺序， 过去分词要在宾语后面。
可以用get something done来替代have something done
When are you going to get the roof repaired?
有时候have something done有不同的意思。
Paul and Karen had their bags stolen while they were travelling.
这里have something done表示某件事情发生在某人身上，一般的都是坏事。