113. Although/ though/ even though In spite of/ despite
Although it rained a lot, they enjoyed it.
In spite of/ Despite the rain, they enjoyed it.
although 后面用主语+动词：
Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.
I didn't get the job although I had the necessary qualifications.
in spite of和despite后面用 名词、代词(this/that/what等)或者 -ing。
In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday.
I didn't get the job in spite of having the necessary qualifications.
In spite of what I said yesterday, I still love you.
despite和in spite of是同一个意思。
in spite of the fact和despite the fact:
I didn't get the job in spite of the fact I had necessary qualifications.
对比although和in spite of/ despite:
Although the traffic was bad, we arrived on time.
In spite of the traffic, we arrived on time.
Though和although相等，口语中经常把though放在句子末尾。
The house isn't so nice. I like the garden though.
Even though语气比although强。
114. In case
I'll leave my mobile phone switched on in case Jane calls. (= because it is possible she will call)
I'll draw a map for you in case you have problems finding our house. (= because it is possible you will have problems)
Just in case用来表示概率更小的事件。
I don't think it will rain, but I'll take an umbrella just in case.
in case后面加现在时，不要用will.
In case和if不一样，incase表达为什么要做这件事情。
We'll buy some more food in case Tom comes.
We'll buy some more food if Tom comes.
in case + 过去式表示过去为什么做这件事情。
I left my phone switched on in case Jane called.
In case of 不等于 in case，它等于 if there is:
In case of fire, please leave the building as quickly as possible.
115. Unless As long as Provided/providing
unless = except if (除非)
I'll see you tomorrow unless I have to work late.
There are no buses to the beach. Unless you have a car, it's difficult to get there.
unless = if ... not
Unless we leave not, we'll be late.
If we don't leave now, we'll ...
As long as/ so long as/ provided/ providing 这些短语都是假如、如果( if或者on condition that)的意思。
You can borrow my car as long as/ so long as you promise not to drive too fast.
Providing/ Provided (that) the room is clean, I don't mind which hotel we stay at.
当你在表达未来时，不要在unless/as long as/so long as/provided/providing 后面用will：
I'm not going out unless it stops raining. (not unless it will stop)
Providing the weather is good, we're going to have a picnic tomorrow. (not providing the weather will be good)
116. As (As I walked along the street ... / As I was hungry ...)
as = at the same time
用as来表示两件事情同时发生：
We all waved goodbye to Liz as she drove away.
也可以用 as you were doing :
Kates slipped as she was getting off the bus.
just as = exactly at that moment.
Just as I sat down, the doorbell rang.
as也可以用来表示两段较长时间的动词同时发生：
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
I began enjoy the job more as I got used to it.
as和when的区别, as用在两件事情同时发生，when是用在一件事情发生在另一件之后：
As I drove home, I listened to music. (= at the same time)
When I got home, I had something to eat. (not As I got home)
As = because
As I was hungry, I decided to find somewhere to eat.
As we have plenty of time before our flight, let's go and have a coffee.
可以用since代替。
117. like and as
118. Like/ as if/ as though
119. For, during and while
for + 一段时间表明事情花了多久的时间：
We watched TV for two hours last night.
during + 名词 表明事情发生的时间（而不是多长时间）：
I fell asleep during the movie.
We met some really nice people during our holiday.
表示多长时间，不能用during，要用for。
一些“时间单词”，比如the morning/the afternoon/the summer，可以用in或者durinig:
It must have rained in/during the night.
during和while的区别：
- during 后面加名词
- while后面加主语+谓语
I fell asleep during the movie.
I fell asleep while I was watching TV.
120. By and until By the time ...
By ... = not later than (不迟于)
I sent the documents to them today, so they should receive them by Monday. (= on or before Monday, not later than Monday)
We'd better hurry. We have to be home by 5 o'clock.
until(或 till)表示动作延续多久：
Let's wait until it stops raining. (... till it stops raining)
I stayed in bed until half past ten.
by the time something happens:
It's too late to go to the bank now. By the time we get there, it will be closed.
by then 到那时候
Karen finally got to the party at midnight, but by then, most of the other guests had left. (... but by that time, most of the other guests had left).